Nepal  Nepali: नेपाल   formally the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a Sovereign state situated in South Asia. With a zone of 147,181 square kilometers (56,827 sq mi) and a populace of around 27 million, Nepal is the world's 93rd biggest nation by area and the 41st most crowded nation. It is a landlocked nation situated along the Himalayas and flanked toward the north by China and toward the south, east, and west by India. Nepal is isolated from Bangladesh by the restricted Indian Siliguri Corridor and from Bhutan by the Indian condition of Sikkim. Kathmandu is the country's capital city and biggest city.

The rocky north of Nepal has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the most elevated point on Earth, Mount Everest (Nepali: सगरमाथा Sagarmāthā). More than 250 crests more than 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above ocean level are situated in Nepal. The southern Terai district is prolific and damp.

Hinduism is drilled by around 81.3% of Nepalis, the most astounding rate of any nation. Buddhism is connected verifiably with Nepal and is polished by 9% of its kin, trailed by Islam at 4.4%, Kiratism 3.1%, Christianity 1.4%,and animism 0.4%. An extensive bit of the populace, particularly in the slope area, might distinguish themselves as both Hindu and Buddhist, which can be credited to the syncretic way of both religions in Nepal.

A government all through the majority of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah tradition of rulers from 1768—when Prithvi Narayan Shah brought together its numerous little kingdoms—until 2008. 10 years in length Civil War including the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), trailed by weeks of mass challenges by all major political gatherings, prompted the 12-point agreement of 22 November 2005. The resulting decisions for the first Nepali Constituent Assembly on 28 May 2008 overwhelmingly supported the nullification of the government and the foundation of an elected multiparty delegate law based republic. In spite of proceeding with political difficulties, this structure stayed set up, with the second Nepali Constituent Assembly chose in 2013 with an end goal to make another constitution.

On September 20, 2015, another constitution (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान २०७२) was reported by President Ram Baran Yadav in the Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly was changed into an administrative parliament. The new constitution built up Nepal as a government majority rule nation by making seven anonymous states.

Nepal is a creating nation with a low pay economy, positioning 145th of 187 nations on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2014. It keeps on battling with large amounts of craving and destitution. In spite of these difficulties, Nepal has been gaining consistent ground, with the administration making a pledge to graduate the country from slightest created nation status by 2022.

Substance

1 Etymology

2 History

2.1 Ancient

2.2 Medieval

2.3 Kingdom of Nepal (1768–2008)

2.4 Republic (2008)

3 Geography

3.1 Climate

3.2 Geology

3.3 Environment

4 Politics

4.1 Constitution

4.2 Government

4.2.1 Executive

4.2.1.1 Federal Executive

4.2.1.2 Provincial Executive

4.2.2 Legislative

4.2.2.1 Federal Legislature

4.2.2.1.1 The House of Representatives

4.2.2.1.2 The National Assembly

4.2.2.2 Provincial Legislature

4.2.3 Judiciary

4.3 Foreign relations

4.4 Military

4.5 Subdivisions

5 Economy

6 Infrastructure

6.1 Energy

6.2 Transport

6.3 Communications

6.4 Education

6.5 Health

6.6 Community ranger service

7 Crime and law authorization

8 Demographics

8.1 Languages

8.2 Religion

8.3 Largest urban communities

9 Culture

9.1 Holidays and celebrations

9.2 Cuisine

9.3 Sports

10 See moreover

11 References

12 Further perusing

13 External connections

Historical underpinnings

Neighborhood legends say that a Hindu sage named "Ne" set up himself in the valley of Kathmandu in ancient times and that "Nepal" appeared as the spot was ensured ("pala" in Pali) by the wise "Ne". It is said in Vedic writings that this area was called Nepal hundreds of years back. As per the Skanda Purana, a rishi called "Ne" or "Nemuni" used to live in the Himalayas. In the Pashupati Purana, he is specified as a holy person and a protector. He is said to have rehearsed reflection at the Bagmati and Kesavati rivers and to have taught there.

The name of the nation is additionally indistinguishable in beginning to the name of the Newar individuals. The expressions "Nepāl", "Newār", "Newāl" and "Nepār" are phonetically diverse types of the same word, and occurrences of the different structures show up in writings in various times ever. Nepal is the educated Sanskrit structure and Newar is the casual Prakrit form.A Sanskrit engraving dated 512 CE found in Tistung, a valley toward the west of Kathmandu, contains the expression "welcome to the Nepals" demonstrating that the expression "Nepal" was utilized to allude to both the nation and the people.

It has been proposed that "Nepal" might be a Sanskritization of "Newar", or "Newar" might be a later type of "Nepal".According to another clarification, the words "Newar" and "Newari" are vulgarisms emerging from the change of P to V, and L to R.

History

Principle article: History of Nepal

Lumbini, recorded as the origination of Gautama Buddha by the UNESCO World Heritage Convention

Old

Figure of the Vedic god Indra from Nepal

Neolithic instruments found in the Kathmandu Valley demonstrate that individuals have been living in the Himalayan district for no less than eleven thousand years.The most seasoned populace layer is accepted to be spoken to by the Kusunda people.

Nepal is initially specified in the late Vedic Atharvaveda Pariśiṣṭa as a spot sending out covers and in the post-Vedic Atharvashirsha Upanishad. In Samudragupta's Allahabad Pillar it is said as a flanking nation. The Skanda Purana has a different part known as "Nepal Mahatmya" that clarifies in more insights about the magnificence and force of Nepal.Nepal is likewise said in Hindu messages, for example, the Narayana Puja.

Tibeto-Burman-talking individuals presumably lived in Nepal 2500 years ago. However, there is no archaeologic confirmation of the Gopal Bansa or Kirati rulers, just specify by the later Licchavi and Malla eras.

Around 500 BCE, little kingdoms and confederations of groups emerged in the southern areas of Nepal. From one of these, the Shakya country, emerged a sovereign who later repudiated his status to lead a self-denying life, established Buddhism, and came to be known as Gautama Buddha (generally dated 563–483 BCE).

By 250 BCE, the southern locales went under the impact of the Maurya Empire of North India and parts of Nepal later on turned into an ostensible vassal state under the Gupta Empire in the fourth century CE. Starting in the third century CE, the Licchavi Kingdom represented the Kathmandu Valley and the district encompassing focal Nepal.

There is an entirely definite depiction of the kingdom of Nepal in the record of the famous Chinese Buddhist pioneer friar Xuanzang, dating from c. 645 CE. Stone engravings in the Kathmandu Valley are vital hotspots for the historical backdrop of Nepal.

The Licchavi line went into decrease in the late eighth century, most likely because of the Tibetan Empire, and was trailed by a Newar or Thakuri time, from 879 CE (Nepal Sambat 1), in spite of the fact that the degree of their control over the present-day nation is uncertain. In the eleventh century it appears to have incorporated the Pokhara zone. By the late eleventh century, southern Nepal went under the impact of the Chalukya line of South India. Under the Chalukyas, Nepal's religious foundation changed as the lords disparaged Hinduism rather than the Buddhism winning around then.

Medieval

Principle article: Malla (Nepal)

Previous imperial royal residence at Basantapur, Kathmandu

In the mid twelfth century, pioneers developed in far western Nepal whose names finished with the Sanskrit postfix malla ("wrestler"). These lords solidified their energy and ruled throughout the following 200 years, until the kingdom fragmented into two dozen negligible states. Another Malla tradition starting with Jayasthiti developed in the Kathmandu valley in the late fourteenth century, and quite a bit of focal Nepal again went under a brought together run the show. In 1482 the domain was separated into three kingdoms: Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur.

Kingdom of Nepal (1768–2008)

Primary article: Kingdom of Nepal

Gorkha Kingdom

The Nepali ruler and her women in the 1920s

Sino-Nepalese War

Elvis Presley with the King and Queen of Nepal in 1960

The Old Parliament Building in Kathmandu

In the mid-eighteenth century, Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkha lord, set out to assemble what might get to be available day Nepal. He set out on his main goal by securing the lack of bias of the flanking mountain kingdoms. After a few wicked fights and attacks, strikingly the Battle of Kirtipur, he figured out how to overcome the Kathmandu Valley in 1769. A point by point record of Prithvi Narayan Shah's triumph was composed by Father Giuseppe, an onlooker to the war.

The Gorkha domain achieved its stature when the North Indian regions of the Kumaon and Garhwal Kingdoms in the west to Sikkim in the east went under Nepal principle. At its most extreme degree, Greater Nepal reached out from the Teesta River in the east, to Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, over the Sutlej in the west and additionally facilitate south into the Terai fields and north of the Himalayas than at present. A debate with Tibet over the control of mountain passes and inward Tingri valleys of Tibet constrained the Qing Emperor of China to begin the Sino-Nepali War convincing the Nepali to withdraw and pay overwhelming reparations to Peking.

Competition between Kingdom of Nepal and the East India Company over the addition of minor states circumscribing Nepal in the long run prompted the Anglo-Nepali War (1815–16).